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Penang is a state in Malaysia and the name of its constituent island, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia by the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered by Kedah in the north and east, and Perak in the south.

Penang is often known as "The Pearl of the Orient" and Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara (Penang, Island of Pearls).

The state is geographically divided into two sections:

• Penang Island (Pulau Pinang in Malay): an island of 293 square kilometres located in the Straits of Malacca; and

• Seberang Perai: a narrow hinterland of 753 square kilometres on the peninsula across a narrow channel whose smallest width is 4 km (2.5 mi). It is bordered by Kedah in the east and north (demarcated by the Muda River), and by Perak in the south.

The body of water between Penang Island and Seberang Perai consists of the North Channel to the north of George Town and the South Channel to the south of it. Penang Island is irregularly shaped, with a granitic, hilly and mostly forested interior. The coastal plains are narrow, the most extensive of which is in the northeast. In general, the island can be distinguished into five areas:

• The northeastern plains form a triangular promontory where the state capital is situated. This densely populated inner city is the administrative, commercial, and cultural centre of Penang.

• The southeast, once consisting of rice fields and mangroves, has been completely transformed into new townships and industrial areas.